Dasa Jijiya Duba U
Cikakkun takaddun fasaha akan na'urar gani na cortical prosthesis, gami da ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki, ka'idojin ƙarfafawa, tsarin gine-gine, da bayanan aiwatarwa.
1. Tsarin gine-gine
1.1 Bayani
The See U neural implant tsarin an yi shi da manyan sassa uku waɗanda ke aiki tare don kamawa, sarrafawa, da aika bayanan gani kai tsaye zuwa gaɓar gani na farko na mai amfani.
Bangaren waje
- • Kamara CMOS (16MP)
- • Na'urar sarrafawa
- • Baturi na waje (2500mAh)
- • RF watsawa
Bangaren subcutaneous
- • Mai karɓar RF
- • Mai sarrafa siginar
- • Baturi mai dasawa
- • Mai sarrafa Electrode
Bangaren intracortical
- • 1024-electrode tsararru
- • Substrate mai sassauƙa
- • Neural dubawa
- • Impedance na'urori masu auna sigina
1.2 Data kwarara
Ɗaukar hoto
Kamarar CMOS tana ɗaukar firam 60 FPS a 1920x1080. Babban firikwensin hankali (har zuwa ISO 6400) yana goyan bayan aikin ƙarancin haske.
Gabatarwa
Algorithms na hangen nesa na kwamfuta suna amfani da gano gefen gefe, bambancin daidaitawa, da rage amo. An saukar da hoton zuwa taswira 32x32 yayin adana mahimman bayanai.
Retinotopic taswira
An tsara daidaitawar hoto na sararin samaniya zuwa matsayi masu dacewa a cikin bawo na gani, bin ƙungiyar retinotopic V1 na halitta.
Rufewa mai kuzari
Ana samar da tsarin bugun bugun wutar lantarki tare da ingantattun sigogi (girma, mita, tsawon lokaci) ga kowane lantarki dangane da madaidaicin ƙarfin pixel.
RF watsa
Ana aika bayanan da aka ɓoye sama da 13.56 MHz RF ta cikin fata zuwa mai karɓa na subcutaneous, tare da latency na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe ƙarƙashin 50 ms.
Ƙunƙarar jijiya
Mai sarrafa lantarki yana amfani da bugun jini na biphasic zuwa microelectrodes, tuƙi takamaiman neurons da fitar da phosphenes da mai amfani ya gane.
2. Hardware ƙayyadaddun bayanai
2.1 Naúrar waje
Kamara
Mai sarrafawa
Ƙarfi
2.2 Naúrar da ake dasawa
Mai karɓar RF
Mai sarrafa siginar
Baturi mai dasawa
Girman jiki
3. Microelectrode tsararru
3.1 Bayanan Electrode
Alamar Geometric
Kayayyaki da sutura
3.2 Halayen lantarki
Karfafawa
Tsaro
Saka idanu
3.3 Halittu
Amsar nama
PEDOT: PSS shafi yana rage kumburi da glial tabo. Nazarin ya nuna barga mai ƙarfi na sama da shekaru 2 a vivo.
Samfuran injina
Polyimide mai sassauci (modules na matasa ~ 2.5 GPa) yana rage damuwa akan nama na cortical (~ 1 kPa), yana rage ƙananan rauni daga motsin kwakwalwa.
Haifuwa
Ethylene oxide (EtO) yana adana kayan aiki da kaddarorin lantarki, ingantattun zuwa ISO 11135.
4. sarrafa sigina
4.1 Mai sarrafa bututun mai
Mataki 1: Ɗauka da ƙaddamarwa
- • Kama: RGB firam 1920x1080 @ 60FPS
- • Juyawa: RGB → launin toka (nauyin haske)
- • Daidaitawa: Adaptive histogram (CLAH) don bambanci
- • Rashin amincewa: Bilateral tace tana kiyaye gefuna
- • Kuchelewa: <5 ms
Mataki na 2: Haɓaka fasali
- • Gano gefen: Multi-sikelin Sobel tace
- • Sallama: Taswirar kulawar gani na tushen bambanci
- • Rabewa: Hoto-ƙasa tare da madaidaicin kofa
- • fifiko: Abubuwa masu motsi suna samun nauyi
- • Kuchelewa: <8ms
Mataki 3: Smart downsampling
- • Ƙaddamar da manufa: 32x32 pixels (maki 1024)
- • Hanya: Daidaitaccen haɗawa da adana mahimman bayanai
- • Yin nauyi: Yankunan tsakiya suna samun ingantaccen ƙuduri
- • Ƙididdigewa: Matakan ƙarfi 8 akan kowane pixel
- • Kuchelewa: <3ms
Mataki 4: Retinotopic taswira
- • Sauya: Cartesian → haɗin gwiwar log-polar
- • Girman cortical: Mafi girman girman tsakiya (fovea)
- • Daidaitawa: Tunatar da kowane mai amfani
- • Diyya: Karya curvature curvature
- • Kuchelewa: <2ms
Mataki na 5: Ƙirƙiri mai ƙara kuzari
- • Taswira: Ƙarfin pixel → sigogi bugun jini
- • Urekebishaji: Girman bugun bugun jini da/ko mitar
- • Lokaci: Aiki tare da duk tashoshi 1024
- • Ingantawa: Algorithm na ilmantarwa mai dacewa
- • Kuchelewa: <2ms
⚡ Karshe-zuwa-ƙarshen bututun bututu: <20ms (daga kamawa zuwa haɓakawa)
4.2 Inganta algorithms
ilmantarwa mai dacewa
Tsarin yana amfani da koyan na'ura don daidaita kuzari daga ra'ayoyin mai amfani da awoyi na aiki.
- • Girman girman kowane-electrode ta atomatik
- • Tunanin daidaitawa na fahimta
- • Rarraba ramuwa
- • Keɓaɓɓen taswirar retinotopic
Hasashen motsi
Gudun gani da tsinkaya na ɗan lokaci sun yanke tsinkaya da haɓaka fahimtar abin motsi.
- • Ƙididdiga na sauri da jagora
- • Extrapolation matsayi na gaba
- • Sassan yanayi
- • fifiko ga abubuwan motsi
5. Sadarwa
5.1 I-telemetry yedatha
RF bayani dalla-dalla
Ka'idar sadarwa
5.2 Tsaro na haɗin gwiwa
Rufewa
AES-128 don bayanan lokaci-lokaci. Maɓallan kowane na'ura da aka ƙirƙira a farkon haɗawa. Juyawa maɓallin zama kowane awa 24.
Tabbatarwa
Kalubalen juna-amsa tsakanin naúrar waje da sanyawa, toshe sake kunnawa da sacewa. Lokacin zama bayan mintuna 5 babu aiki.
Kariyar tsoma baki
FHSS a cikin tashoshi 50, sarrafa karo ta atomatik, da yanayin faɗuwa don babban hayaniyar RF.
6. Gudanar da wutar lantarki
6.1 Inductive caji
Ƙa'idar aiki
Resonant inductive coupling a 13.56 MHz yana canja wurin iko ta cikin fata ba tare da masu haɗin kai ba.
- • Isar da nada: 50 mm diamita, 10 juya
- • Karɓi naɗa: 35 mm diamita, 15 juya
- • inganci: 60-70% a 5 mm rata
- • Ikon isarwa: 500mW na yau da kullun, 1W max
- • Daidaitawa: ± 10 mm haƙuri na gefe
Gudanar da kewaye
Ƙaddamar da PMIC tana gudanar da caji da sarrafa wutar lantarki zuwa duk tsarin da aka dasa.
- • Gyara: Schottky gada
- • Ka'ida: Ibhanti 3.6V → 1.8V/3.3V
- • Cajin: CC/CV tare da ƙarewa ta atomatik
- • Kariya: Ƙarfafawa, yawan ƙarfin wuta, zafin jiki
- • Saka idanu: Coulomb counter don halin caji
6.2 Inganta wutar lantarki
Rarraba kasafin kuɗi
(60mW)
(45mW)
(30mW)
(15mW)
Hanyoyin aiki
Ci gaba da haɓaka 60 FPS, duk tsarin ƙasa yana kunne.
30 FPS, aiki mai sauƙi, tsawon rayuwar baturi.
Ƙarfafawa a kashe; RF da saka idanu akan; saurin tashi.
Ƙananan: gano agogo da caji kawai; watannin rayuwa.
7. Aminci da haɓakar halittu
7.1 Matsayi da takaddun shaida
Daidaitawar halittu
- ISO 10993: Ƙimar nazarin halittu na na'urorin likita
- Babban darajar USP VI: Gwajin cytotoxicity
- Saukewa: ASTM F756: Kayan da za a iya dasa
Tsaro na lantarki
- Saukewa: IEC60601-1: Amintaccen kayan aikin likita
- Saukewa: IEC 60601-2-40: Ama-Neurostimulators
- IEEE C95.1: RF iyakoki
7.2 Hanyoyin tsaro
Kariyar kayan aiki
- • Iyakar yanzu: Yarjejeniyar hanyar sadarwa tana fitar da fitarwa a 200μA
- • Gano gajeriyar kewayawa: Kashe ta atomatik a cikin <1ms
- • Zazzabi: Rufewar thermal a 41 ° C
- • Kare: Sake saita a kan rataya firmware
- • Makasudin makamashi: Capacitor don rufewar sarrafawa
Kariyar software
- • Mutunci: CRC akan firmware da sigogi
- • Iyaka mai kara kuzari: Tabbatar da kowane canji
- • log log: Laifi da tarihin ban mamaki
- • Yanayin lafiya: Matsalolin Conservative
- • Sabuntawar OTA: Amintacce tare da juyawa
Ci gaba da saka idanu
- • Elektroni Z: Samfurin kowane 100ms
- • Shuka zafin jiki: Na'urori masu rarrabawa guda huɗu
- • Baturi: Live SOC da SOH
- • RF mahada: RSSI da ƙimar kuskure
- • Cajin allura: Kiunganishi cha elektrodi
7.3 Gwajin aminci
Katika vitro
- • Al'adar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi
- • I-Cytotoxicity
- • Lalata
- • Gajiyar injina
- • Halin lantarki
A cikin vivo
- • Samfuran dabba
- • Amsar nama
- • Gwajin aiki
- • Bin dogon lokaci
- • Tarihi
Na asibiti
- • Yiwuwa
- • Gwajin aminci
- • inganci
- • Bin dogon lokaci
- • Abubuwan da ba su dace ba
8. Ka'idojin ƙarfafawa
8.1 Ma'aunin kuzari
Umbo la wimbi
Simmetric biphasic bugun jini: lokaci na cathodic na farko, sannan anodic. 50 μs inter-pulse gap for capacitive sallama. <1% cajin rashin daidaituwa don guje wa gina jiki na lantarki.
Cathodic (ƙarfafawa) lokaci
- • Girman: 10-200 μA (mai daidaitawa)
- • Tsawon lokaci: 100-500 μs
- • Polarity: Korau
- • Siffa: Rectangular
Anodic (farfadowa) lokaci
- • Girman: Matches cathodic
- • Muda: Inalingana na cathodic
- • Polarity: Tabbatacce
- • Siffa: Rectangular
Ƙwarewar iko mai ƙarfi
Ana daidaita ƙarfin phosphene ta hanyoyi guda uku:
Matsayi na yanzu 10-200 μA; kusan logarithmic tare da tsinkayen haske. Matakai takwas masu hankali don inganci.
Yawan bugun jini 50-300 Hz; mafi girma rates karanta haske, da amfani ga lafiya iko ba tare da maido da halin yanzu.
100-500 μs; Dogayen bugun jini suna allurar ƙarin caji kuma sun fi haske, an ɗaure su da aminci na electrochemistry.
8.2 Dabarun shigar da su
Lambar sarari
Taswirar kai tsaye daga kowane pixel hoto zuwa na'urar lantarki ta tsararru, mai daidaitawa tare da shimfidar cortical retinotopic.
- • Ƙaddamarwa: 32x32 → 1024 lantarki
- • Girman cortical: Cibiya mai yawa
- • Sauya: Log-polar fovea mfano
- • Daidaitawa: Tunatar da kowane mai amfani
Coding na ɗan lokaci
Lokacin ƙarfafawa yana ɓoye fiye da ƙarfi - motsi, zurfi, da salience.
- • Fashewa: Jirgin kasa don motsi abubuwa
- • Aiki tare: Matsayin dangi a fadin shafuka
- • Tsarin lokaci: Lambobin rubutu
- • Daidaita ƙima: Rate bambancin waƙoƙi
8.3 Ingantawa da keɓancewa
Gyaran farko
Makonni biyu zuwa hudu don saita ƙofa da amintattun wuraren aiki a kowane rukunin yanar gizo:
- Matsakaicin fahimta (10-50 μA na yau da kullun)
- Kewayon ta'aziyya (100-150 μA na yau da kullun)
- Taswirar retinotopic na al'ada
- Daidaita yanki-lokaci (ƙididdigar, faɗi)
- Gwaje-gwaje masu sauƙi
Ci gaba da daidaitawa
Tsarin yana koya akan lokaci daga:
- • Shigar da mai amfani: Hasken hannu/kwamba
- • Nasarar aiki: Makin kewayawa da ganowa
- • Z tafe: Gyaran atomatik
- • Yi amfani da alamu: Gyaran yanayi akai-akai
- • Plasticity na jijiyoyi: Gyaran lokaci mai tsawo
Hanyoyi na musamman
Bayanan martaba da aka riga aka gina don amfanin gama gari:
Babban bambanci, ƙananan motsi
Motsi, zurfin, da cikas
Fuskoki, abubuwa, da alamomin siffa
Sami da daidaita daidaito