Amaxwebhu obugcisa

Ukufakelwa kweNeural Bona i-U

Amaxwebhu obugcisa apheleleyo kwiprosthesis ye-cortical ebonakalayo, kubandakanywa iinkcukacha ze-hardware, iiprothokholi zokuvuselela, ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo, kunye namanqaku okuphunyezwa.

Isiqulatho

Uyilo lwenkqubo Iinkcukacha zehardware Uluhlu lweMicroelectrode Ukwenziwa komqondiso Unxibelelwano Ulawulo lwamandla Ukhuseleko kunye ne-biocompatibility Iiprothokholi zokuvuselela

1. Uyilo lwenkqubo

1.1 Isishwankathelo

Inkqubo yokufakelwa kwe-See U ye-neural yenziwe ngamacandelo amathathu aphambili asebenza kunye ukuze abambe, aqhube, kwaye athumele ulwazi olubonakalayo ngokuthe ngqo kwi-cortex ebonakalayo yokuqala yomsebenzisi.

Icandelo langaphandle

• Ikhamera yeCMOS (16MP)
• Iyunithi yokuqhuba
• Ibhetri yangaphandle (2500mAh)
• Isidluliseli seRF

Icandelo elingaphantsi kwesikhumba

• Umamkeli weRF
• Iprosesa yomqondiso
• Ibhetri efakelweyo
• Umlawuli we-Electrode

Icandelo le-Intracortical

• 1024-electrode uluhlu
• I-substrate eguquguqukayo
• Ujongano lweNeural
• Abenzi boluvo be-impedance

1.2 Ukuhamba kwedatha

Ukuthatyathwa komfanekiso

Ikhamera ye-CMOS ibamba iifreyimu ze-FPS ezingama-60 kwi-1920x1080. I-sensor-sensitivity ephezulu (ukuya kwi-ISO 6400) isekela ukusebenza kokukhanya okuphantsi.

Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili

Ii-algorithms zombono wekhompyuter zisebenzisa ukubonwa komda, umahluko oguqukayo, kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo. Umfanekiso uthotywe kwimaphu ye-32x32 ngelixa ugcina ulwazi olubalulekileyo.

Imephu yeretinotopic

Ulungelelwaniso lwemifanekiso yendawo lufakwe kwimephu yezikhundla ezihambelanayo kwi-cortex ebonakalayo, ilandela umbutho we-V1 wendalo we-retinotopic.

Ufakelo lwekhowudi oluvuselelweyo

Iipateni ze-pulse zombane zenziwe ngeeparamitha eziphuculweyo (i-amplitude, i-frequency, ubude bexesha) kwi-electrode nganye ngokusekelwe kubukhulu be-pixel ehambelanayo.

Ukudluliselwa kweRF

Idatha ekhowudiweyo ithunyelwa ngaphezulu kwe-13.56 MHz RF ngolusu kumamkeli ongaphantsi kwecutaneous, kunye ne-end-to-end latency phantsi kwe-50 ms.

Ukuvuselela i-Neural

Umlawuli we-electrode usebenzisa i-biphasic pulses kwi-microelectrodes, ukuqhuba i-neurons ethile kunye nokukhupha i-phosphenes ebonwa ngumsebenzisi.

2. Iinkcukacha ze-Hardware

2.1 Iyunithi yangaphandle

Ikhamera

IsivamvoI-CMOS 1/2.3" 16MP

Isigqibo1920x1080 @ 60fps

Indawo yokujongaI-120 ° diagonal

Uluhlu lwe-ISO100-6400

Umngxuma wokuvulaf/1.8

Iprosesa

ICPUI-ARM Cortex-A72 quad-core 1.5GHz

I-GPUI-Mali-G52 MP2

I-NPU2.0 TOPS kwa AI

i-ramI-4GB LPDDR4

Ugcino32GB eMMC

Amandla

IbhetriI-Li-Po 2500mAh 3.7V

Ixesha lokudlala8-10 iiyure ukusetyenziswa rhoqo

UkutshajaI-USB-C PD 3.0 (iiyure ezi-2)

Ukutsalwa kwamandla2.5W eqhelekileyo, 4W max

2.2 Iyunithi efakelweyo

Umamkeli weRF

Ukuphindaphinda13.56 MHz (Ibhendi ye-ISM)

Ireyithi yedathaMbps 10

Uluhlu5-8 cm ngesikhumba

UkumodareyithaBUZA/FSK

Iprosesa yomqondiso

I-ASICCMOS maalum ya 28nm

ImijeloI-1024 ezimeleyo

Isisombululo seDACI-12-bit kwitshaneli nganye

Ireyithi yesampuli100 kHz

Ibhetri efakelweyo

UhloboI-Biocompatible Li-ion

Umthamo150mAh 3.6V

Ixesha lokudlalaIiyure ezingama-48-72

Hlaziya ngokutsha13.56 MHz induction (iiyure ezi-4)

Ubomi bomjikelo> 5000 imijikelo (10+ iminyaka)

Imilinganiselo yomzimba

Ubungakanani45mm x 35mm x 8mm

Ubunzima28 g

IzindluI-Titanium grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)

UkutywinwaI-Hermetic IP68

3. Uluhlu lweMicroelectrode

3.1 Iimpawu ze-Electrode

Iiparamitha zejometri

Uyilo: 32x32 uluhlu (1024 electrode)

Izithuba: 400 μm iziko ukuya kwiziko

Idayamitha ye-Electrode: awu 50m

Ubude: 1.5 mm (ubunzulu becortical)

Indawo iyonke: 12.8 mm x 12.8 mm

Imilo yengcebiso: I-Conical (30° engile)

Izinto eziphathekayo kunye neengubo

Umqhubi: IPlatinum-iridium (90/10)

I-Insulation: I-Parylene-C (2 μm)

Inxalenye engaphantsi: iPolyimide ebhetyebhetye (25 μm)

Ukwaleka okusebenzayo: I-PEDOT:PSS

Impedans: 50–100 kΩ @ 1 kHz

Ukubanakho: 0.5–1.0 nF

3.2 Iimpawu zombane

Ukuvuselela

Ukuma kwamaza:

I-Symmetric biphasic

Ubukhulu:

10-200 μA

Ubude be-Pulse:

100–500 μs ngesigaba ngasinye

Ukuphindaphinda:

50-300 Hz

Intlawulo nge-pulse nganye:

<100 nC

Ukhuseleko

Ukuxinana kwentlawulo:

<0.35 mC/cm²

Shannon umda:

Kuqwalaselwe

Ibhalansi:

<1% i-asymmetry

Ukubhaqwa kokusilela:

Ixesha elilungile

Cima:

Okuzenzekelayo <10ms

Ukubeka iliso

Impedans:

Ngokuqhubekayo

Ubushushu:

Abenzi boluvo kwi-chip

Ukuvuza okwangoku:

<10 nA

Ukugawulwa kwesiganeko:

Inkumbulo engaguqukiyo

I-Telemetry:

Imo ephilayo

3.3 I-Biocompatibility

Impendulo yezicubu

I-PEDOT: Ukugquma kwe-PSS kunciphisa ukudumba kunye ne-glial scarring. Izifundo zibonisa i-impedance ezinzileyo ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2 kwi-vivo.

Ukuguquguquka komatshini

I-polyimide eguquguqukayo (i-Young's modulus ~ 2.5 GPa) inciphisa uxinzelelo kwizicubu ze-cortical (~ 1 kPa), ukunciphisa i-micro-trauma evela kwi-brain motion.

Ukuvala inzala

I-Ethylene oxide (EtO) igcina imathiriyeli kunye neempawu zombane, eziqinisekisiweyo kwi-ISO 11135.

4. Ukwenziwa komqondiso

4.1 Ukulungiswa kombhobho

Inyathelo 1: Thatha kwaye ulungise kwangaphambili

• Bamba: Izakhelo zeRGB 1920x1080 @ 60 FPS
• Uguqulo: RGB → grayscale (ubunzima bokukhanya)
• Ukulingana: Ihistogram eguquguqukayo (CLAHE) yokuthelekisa
• Ukukhupha i-Denoising: Isihluzi samacala amabini agcina imiphetho
• Ukubambezeleka: <5 ms

Inyathelo lesi-2: Ukutsalwa kophawu

• Ukufunyanwa komphetho: Isihluzi seSobel esinemilinganiselo emininzi
• Ukunyaniseka: Imephu yengqwalasela yembonakalo esekwe kuthelekiso
• Ukwahlulahlula: Umzobo-umhlaba kunye nomda oguqukayo
• Okubalulekileyo: Izinto ezihambayo ziba nobunzima obuphezulu
• Ukubambezeleka: <8ms

Inyathelo 3: Ukuthoba iisampulu ngobuchule

• Isisombululo ekujoliswe kuko: 32x32 pixels (1024 amanqaku)
• Indlela: Ukudibanisa okuziqhelanisayo nokugcina ulwazi olubalulekileyo
• Ubunzima: Imimandla esembindini ifumana isisombululo esisebenza ngakumbi
• Ubungakanani: 8 amanqanaba obunzulu ngepixel nganye
• Ukubambezeleka: <3ms

Inyathelo 4: Imephu ye-retinotopic

• Guqula: ICartesian → ulungelelwaniso lwe-log-polar
• Ukwandiswa kweCortical: Uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluphakathi (fovea)
• Ulungelelwaniso: Ukulungiswa komsebenzisi ngamnye
• Imbuyekezo: Ukuphazamiseka kweCortical curvature
• Ukubambezeleka: <2ms

Inyathelo 5: Ufakelo lwekhowudi ye-stimulus

• Ukwenza imephu: Ubunzulu bePixel → iiparamitha zepulse
• Ukumodareyitha: I-Pulse amplitude kunye / okanye i-frequency
• Ixesha: Ungqamaniso lwazo zonke iitshaneli ezingama-1024
• Ukuphucula: I-algorithm yokufunda eguquguqukayo
• Ukubambezeleka: <2ms

⚡ Ukubambezeleka kombhobho wokuya esiphelweni: <20ms (ukusuka ekubambeni ukuya kuvuselelo)

4.2 Ii-algorithms zokuphucula

Ukufunda okuguquguqukayo

Inkqubo isebenzisa umatshini wokufunda ukuvuselela ukuvuselela kwingxelo yomsebenzisi kunye neemetrics zokusebenza.

• I-automatic per-electrode amplitude
• Ulungelelwaniso lokuqonda
• Imedance drift imbuyekezo
• Imephu yeretinotopic eyeyakho

Uqikelelo lwentshukumo

Ukuhamba kwe-Optical kunye noqikelelo lwexeshana ukusika okubonwayo kunye nokuphucula ukuqonda kwento ehambayo.

• Isantya kunye noqikelelo lomkhombandlela
• Isikhundla sexesha elizayo
• Ukugudiswa kwendlela
• Ukubaluleka kwezinto ezihambayo

5. Unxibelelwano

5.1 I-telemetry yedatha

Iimpawu zeRF

Ukuphindaphinda komphathi

13.56 MHz (Ibhendi ye-ISM, evunyiweyo ukuba isetyenziswe kwezonyango)

Ukumodareyitha

BUZA (i-amplitude shift keying) yedatha FSK (i-frequency shift keying) yolawulo

Ireyithi yedatha

I-10 Mbps ezantsi ikhonkco (umvuzo wokuvuselela) 1 Mbps uplink (i-telemetry kunye nesimo)

Ukusasaza amandla

I-100 mW (i-SAR-incinci)

Inkqubo yonxibelelwano

Ukwakhiwa kwepakethi

• Iheda: 32 bits (ID, isitampu sexesha, iiflegi) • Ukuhlawula: 1024 bytes (idatha yokuvuselela) • CRC: 16 bits (ukubona iimpazamo) • Iyonke: 1056 bytes kwifreyimu nganye

Ulungiso lwempazamo

• FEC: Reed–Solomon (255,223) • I-ARQ: Ukudluliselwa kwakhona okukhethiweyo • Ukungenelela kwiimpazamo ezigqabhukileyo

Ungqamaniso

• PLL-based clock recovery • Izitampu zexesha ezinezisombululo eziphezulu • Imbuyekezo yeJitter

5.2 Uqhagamshelwano lokhuseleko

Uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo

I-AES-128 yedatha yexesha langempela. Izitshixo zesixhobo ngasinye zenziwe ekuqaleni kokubhanqa. Ukujikeleziswa kwesitshixo seseshoni rhoqo kwiiyure ezingama-24.

Uqinisekiso

Umceli mngeni odibeneyo-impendulo phakathi kweyunithi yangaphandle kunye nokufakelwa, ukuthintela umdlalo ophindwe kabini kunye nokuqweqwedisa. Ixesha lokuphela kweseshoni emva kwemizuzu emi-5 lingenzi nto.

Ukukhuselwa kokuphazamiseka

I-FHSS kuzo zonke iitshaneli ezingama-50, ukuphatha ukungqubana okuzenzekelayo, kunye nemowudi yokubuyela umva kwindawo yengxolo ephezulu yeRF.

6. Ulawulo lwamandla

6.1 Ukutshajisa inductive

Umgaqo wokusebenza

I-resonant inductive coupling kwi-13.56 MHz idlulisela amandla ngesikhumba ngaphandle kweziqhagamshelo ze-percutaneous.

• Thumela ikhoyili: 50 mm ububanzi, 10 ukujika
• Fumana ikhoyili: 35 mm ububanzi, 15 ukujika
• Ukusebenza kakuhle: I-60-70% kwi-gap ye-5 mm
• Amandla anikezelwe: 500 mW eqhelekileyo, 1 W max
• Ulungelelwaniso: ± 10 mm ukunyamezela ngakwicala

Ulawulo lwesekethe

I-PMIC ezinikeleyo ilawula ukutshaja kunye nendlela yombane kuzo zonke izixokelelwano zofakelo.

• Ukulungiswa: Schottky ibhulorho
• Ummiselo: Ibhanti 3.6V → 1.8V/3.3V
• Ukutshaja: I-CC/CV enokupheliswa okuzenzekelayo
• Ukhuseleko: I-Overcurrent, overvoltage, ubushushu
• Ukubeka iliso: Ikhawuntara yaseCoulomb yemeko yentlawulo

6.2 Ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwamandla

Ukwahlulwa kwebhajethi yamandla

40%

Ukuvuselela
(60mW)

30%

Iyaqhuba
(45mW)

20%

RF comms
(30mW)

10%

Okunye
(15mW)

Iindlela zokusebenza

Iyasebenza150mW

Uvuselelo oluqhubekayo lwe-60 FPS, zonke ii-subsystems zivuliwe.

Uqoqosho80mW

I-30 FPS, ukusetyenzwa okulula, ubomi obude bebhetri.

Yima ecaleni kuka5mW

Uvuselelo lucimile; RF kunye nokubeka iliso kwi; ukuvuka ngokukhawuleza.

Lala<1mW

Ubuncinci: iwotshi kunye nentlawulo zibhaqa kuphela; iinyanga zobomi.

7. Ukhuseleko kunye ne-biocompatibility

7.1 Imigangatho kunye neziqinisekiso

Utangamano wa kibayolojia

ISO 10993: Uvavanyo lwebhayoloji yezixhobo zonyango
USP Class VI: Uvavanyo lwe-Cytotoxicity
I-ASTM F756: Izinto ezifakelwayo

Ukhuseleko lombane

I-IEC 60601-1: Ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zonyango
I-IEC 60601-2-40: Ama-Neurostimulators
IEEE C95.1: Imida yokuvezwa kweRF

7.2 Iindlela zokhuseleko

Ukhuseleko lwezixhobo

• Umda wangoku: Ukuthotyelwa kwe-caps yenethiwekhi ye-caps kwi-200μA
• Ukubonwa kwesekethe emfutshane: Ukunqunyulwa okuzenzekelayo kwi-<1ms
• Ubushushu: Ukuvalwa kweThermal kuma-41°C
• Umlindi: Seta kwakhona kwi-firmware hang
• Isithinteli samandla: I-Capacitor yokuvalwa okulawulwayo

Ukhuseleko lwesoftware

• Ingqibelelo: CRC kwi-firmware kunye neeparamitha
• Imida ye-Stim: Ukuqinisekiswa kulo lonke utshintsho
• Ilog yesiganeko: Impazamo kunye nembali engaqhelekanga
• Uhlobo olukhuselekile: Ukungagqibeki kokugcina
• Uhlaziyo lwe-OTA: Khusela nge-rollback

Ukubeka iliso rhoqo

• I-Electrode Z: Isampuli rhoqo nge-100ms
• Iqondo lokushisa lokufakelwa: Izinzwa ezine ezisasaziweyo
• Ibhetri: Live SOC kunye SOH
• Ikhonkco le-RF: I-RSSI kunye nezinga lempazamo
• Intlawulo efakiweyo: Umdibanisi we-electrode nganye

7.3 Uvavanyo lokhuseleko

I-In vitro

• Utamaduni wa seli za Neural
• I-Cytotoxicity
• Ukonakala
• Ukudinwa koomatshini
• Iimpawu zombane

Kwi-vivo

• Iimodeli zezilwanyana
• Impendulo yezicubu
• Iimvavanyo ezisebenzayo
• Ukulandelela ixesha elide
• I-Histology

Kwezonyango

• Ukuba nokwenzeka
• Izilingo zokhuseleko
• Ukusebenza kakuhle
• Ukulandelela ixesha elide
• Iziganeko ezimbi

8. Iiprothokholi zokuvuselela

8.1 Iiparamitha zokuvuselela

Ukuma kwamaza

I-Symmetric biphasic pulses: isigaba se-cathodic kuqala, emva koko i-anodic. I-50 μs ye-inter-pulse gap yokukhupha i-capacitive. <1% intlawulo yokungalingani ukuphepha ukwakhiwa kwe-electrochemical.

Isigaba seCathodic (esivuselelayo).

• Ubungakanani: 10–200 μA (etunable)
• Ubude bexesha: 100–500 μs
• I-polarity: Ibi
• Ubume: Uxande

Isigaba se-Anodic (ukubuyisela).

• Ubukhulu: Idibanisa i-cathodic
• Ubude bexesha: Idibanisa icathodic
• I-Polarity: Ilungile
• Ubume: Uxande

Ukulawulwa kokuqina okubonwayo

Amandla ePhosphene amodareyithwa ngeendlela ezintathu ezihambelanayo:

1. Ukumodareyitha kweAmplitude (AM)

Uluhlu lwangoku 10-200 μA; malunga nelogarithmic kunye nokukhanya okubonwayo. Amanqanaba asibhozo okusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

2. Ukumodareyitha rhoqo (FM)

Isantya se-Pulse 50-300 Hz; Amazinga aphezulu afundeka ngokuqaqambileyo, aluncedo kulawulo olucikizekileyo ngaphandle kokubuyisela umva okwangoku.

3. Ukumodareyitha kobubanzi bePulse (PWM)

100–500 μs; ii-pulses ezinde zifake intlawulo engaphezulu kwaye zikhangeleke ziqaqambile, ziboshwe ngokhuseleko lwe-electrochemistry.

8.2 Amacebo okufaka iikhowudi

Ikhowudi yendawo

Imephu ethe ngqo ukusuka kwipikseli yomfanekiso ngamnye ukuya kuluhlu lwe-electrode, elungelelaniswe noyilo lwecortical retinotopic.

• Isigqibo: 32x32 → 1024 electrode
• Ukwandiswa kweCortical: Iziko elishinyeneyo
• Guqula: Imodeli ye-Log-polar fovea
• Ulungelelwaniso: Ukulungiswa komsebenzisi ngamnye

Ukubhalwa kwekhowudi okwexeshana

Ixesha lokuvuselela lifaka ngaphezu kobunzulu-intshukumo, ubunzulu, kunye nokuqina.

• Ukugqabhuka: Oololiwe bezinto ezihambayo
• Ngqamanisa: Isigaba esizalanayo kuzo zonke iziza
• Iipateni zexesha: Iikhowudi zokuthungwa
• Ireyithi yokuziqhelanisa: Ireyithi yokuthelekisa iingoma

8.3 UPhumezo kunye nobuntu

Ulungelelwaniso lokuqala

Iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine zokuseta imida kunye neendawo zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo kwindawo nganye:

Imibono yokuqonda (10–50 μA eqhelekileyo)
Uluhlu lwentuthuzelo (100–150 μA eqhelekileyo)
Imephu yeretinotopic yesiko
Ulungelelwaniso lwedomeyini yexesha (umlinganiselo, ububanzi)
Iimvavanyo zepateni ezilula

Ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo

Inkqubo ifunda ekuhambeni kwexesha:

• Igalelo lomsebenzisi: Ukukhanya okwenziwa ngesandla/uthelekiso
• Umsebenzi uphumelele: Ukukhangela kunye namanqaku okuqaphela
• Z ukukhukuliseka: Ulungiso oluzenzekelayo
• Sebenzisa iipatheni: Ulungelelwaniso lwenkqubo rhoqo
• Iplastiki yeNeural: Uhlengahlengiso lwexesha elide

Iimowudi ezikhethekileyo

Iiprofayile ezakhelwe kwangaphambili zokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo:

Ukufunda

Ukuchasana komphetho ophezulu, ukunyakaza okuphantsi

Ukushukuma

Intshukumo, ubunzulu, kunye nemiqobo

Ukuqatshelwa

Ubuso, izinto, kunye neempawu zokumila

Ukukhanya okuphantsi

Ukuzuza kunye nokulungelelanisa umahluko

Amaxwebhu apheleleyo

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