Implan Saraf Lihat U
Fa'amaumauga fa'atekinisi atoa i luga o le fa'ata'ita'iga fa'ata'ita'i, e aofia ai fa'amatalaga o meafaigaluega, fa'atonuga fa'aosofia, fausaga fa'aoga, ma fa'amatalaga fa'atinoga.
1. Fa'atonu faiga
1.1 Va'aiga lautele
O le See U neural implant system e faia i ni vaega autu se tolu e galulue faʻatasi e puʻeina, faʻagasolo, ma auina saʻo faʻamatalaga vaʻaia i le mataʻitusi muamua a le tagata faʻaoga.
Vaega i fafo
- • CMOS meapueata (16MP)
- • Vaega fa'agaioiga
- • Ma'a fafo (2500mAh)
- • Pemancar RF
Vaega subcutaneous
- • RF talia
- • Fa'ailoga fa'ailoga
- • ma'a fa'ato'a
- • Pulea eletise
Vaega Intracortical
- • 1024-eletise fa'asologa
- • Su'ega fe'avea'i
- • Fa'aoga neural
- • Fa'alavelave fa'alavelave
1.2 Fa'asologa o fa'amaumauga
Pu'e ata
O le meapueata CMOS e pu'eina 60 FPS faavaa i le 1920x1080. O se masini ma'ale'ale maualuga (e o'o atu i le ISO 6400) e lagolagoina le fa'agaioia maualalo o le malamalama.
mua'i fa'agaioiina
Fa'aoga algorithms va'ai fa'akomepiuta e su'esu'e pito, fa'atusatusaga fetuutuuna'i, ma fa'aitiitia le pisa. O le ata o loʻo faʻataʻitaʻia i lalo i se faʻafanua 32x32 aʻo teuina faʻamatalaga taua.
Fa'afanua Retinotopic
O fa'asologa o ata fa'ava-o-malo o lo'o fa'afanua i tulaga tutusa i le va'aiga va'aia, e mulimuli i le fa'alapotopotoga masani V1 retinotopic.
Fa'ailoga fa'aosofia
O mamanu fa'a eletise e fa'atupuina fa'atasi ai ma fa'amaufa'ailoga sili (amplitude, fa'avevesi, umi) mo fa'aeletise ta'itasi e fa'atatau i le malosi o le pika.
Fa'asalalauga RF
O fa'amatalaga fa'ailoga e lafo atu i luga ole 13.56 MHz RF e ala ile pa'u ile mea e maua ai le subcutaneous, fa'atasi ai ma le fa'au'u i le pito i lalo ole 50 ms.
Fa'aosofia neural
O le eletise eletise e faʻaogaina pulupulu biphasic i microelectrodes, faʻauluina neu faʻapitoa ma faʻaalia phosphenes e iloa e le tagata faʻaoga.
2. Fa'amatalaga o meafaigaluega
2.1 Vaega i fafo
Meapueata
Prosesor
Malosiaga
2.2 Vaega e mafai ona totoina
RF talia
Fa'ailoga fa'ailoga
ma'a fa'ato'a
Fua fa'aletino
3. Susunan mikroelektroda
3.1 Fa'amatalaga eletise
Fa'ailoga fa'atusa
Mea ma faʻapipiʻi
3.2 Uiga tau eletise
Fa'aosofia
Saogalemu
Mata'ituina
3.3 Biokompatibilitas
Tali i'a
PEDOT: O le ufiufi PSS e faʻaitiitia ai le mumū ma le maʻila glial. O suʻesuʻega o loʻo faʻaalia ai le faʻalavelave mautu mo le silia ma le 2 tausaga i vivo.
Fa'ainisinia fetu'una'i
Polyimide fetuutuunai (Young's modulus ~ 2.5 GPa) faʻaititia le faʻalavelave i luga o le tino (~ 1 kPa), faʻaitiitia le micro-trauma mai le gaioiga o le faiʻai.
Fa'amama
Ethylene oxide (EtO) faʻasaoina mea ma mea eletise, faʻamaonia ile ISO 11135.
4. Fa'ailoga fa'ailoga
4.1 Fa'asologa o paipa
Laasaga 1: Pu'e ma mua'i fa'agaioiga
- • Pu'e: RGB faavaa 1920x1080 @ 60 FPS
- • Liua: RGB → lanu efuefu
- • Tulaga tutusa: Adaptive histogram (CLAHE) mo le fa'atusatusaga
- • Fa'asalaina: Fa'asao fa'amama pito
- • Fa'agata: <5 md
Laasaga 2: Fa'aaliga fa'apitoa
- • Su'esu'ega pito: Fa'amama Sobel tele
- • Fa'ailoaga: Fa'afanua va'ai fa'atusa fa'atatau
- • Vaevaega: Ata-eleele ma fetuutuuna'i tulaga
- • Fa'amuamua: O mea fe'avea'i e maua le mamafa maualuga
- • Fa'agata: <8 md
Laasaga 3: Fa'alaloina atamai
- • Fuafuaga sini: 32x32 pika (1024 points)
- • Metotia: Fetuuna'i fa'aputuga o lo'o tausia fa'amatalaga taua
- • Fa'amamafa: E sili atu ona aoga fa'aiuga
- • Kuantisasi: 8 tulaga malosi ile pika
- • Fa'agata: <3 md
Laasaga 4: Fa'afanua Retinotopic
- • Suia: Cartesian → ogalaau-polar coordinate
- • Fa'alanoteleina: Sili atu le mamafa tutotonu (fovea)
- • Fa'avasegaina: Fa'alogo tagata ta'itasi
- • Taui: Fa'alavelave fa'aletonu o le curvature
- • Fa'agata: <2 md
Laasaga 5: Fa'ailoga fa'aosofia
- • Fa'afanua: Ole malosi ole pika → fa'amaufa'ailoga pulu
- • Modulasyon: Fa'atele o le pa'u ma/po'o le fa'atele
- • Taimi: Fa'atasi uma 1024 auala
- • Fa'atonuga: Algoritma a'oa'oga fetuutuunai
- • Fa'agata: <2 md
⚡ Fa'amuta paipa fa'ai'u: <20ms (mai le pu'eina i le fa'aosofia)
4.2 Fa'atonu algorithms
Aoaoga fetuutuunai
O lo'o fa'aogaina e le faiga masini a'oa'oga e fa'afetaui ai fa'aosofiaga mai fa'amatalaga a tagata fa'aoga ma fua fa'atinoga.
- • Otometi fa'a-electrode amplitude
- • Fa'alogoga fa'atusatusaga fa'atusa
- • Taui fa'ase'e fa'aletonu
- • Fa'afanua retinotopic patino
Va'aiga o le lafo
O le tafe o mata ma le va'aiga fa'aletino ua tipi ai le tuai ma fa'aleleia le va'aiga-meafaitino.
- • Fuafuaga o le saoasaoa ma le itu
- • Fa'aopoopo tulaga i le lumana'i
- • Fa'alamolemole ala
- • Fa'amuamua mo mea fe'avea'i
5. Fesootaiga
5.1 Fa'amatalaga telemetry
RF faʻamatalaga
Feso'ota'iga feso'ota'iga
5.2 So'oga saogalemu
Fa'ailoga
AES-128 mo faʻamatalaga taimi moni. O ki ta'i-masini na fa'atupu ile fa'atasi muamua. Ole ki o le sauniga e ta'i 24 itula uma.
Fa'amaoni
Lu'i a le Mutuale-tali i le va o le iunite i fafo ma le toto, poloka le toe ta'alo ma le faoa faamalosi. Taimi o le sauniga pe a uma le 5 minute e fa'aoga.
Puipuiga fa'alavelave
FHSS i luga o le 50 alalaupapa, faʻaogaina faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi, ma se faʻataʻitaʻiga toe foʻi mo siʻosiʻomaga leo maualuga-RF.
6. Pulea malosi
6.1 Fa'atonu fa'atonu
Fa'atonuga fa'atino
Resonant inductive coupling i le 13.56 MHz fa'aliliuina le mana e ala i le pa'u e leai ni so'oga fa'atasi.
- • Tu'u atu coil: 50 mm le lautele, 10 liliu
- • Maua coil: 35 mm le lautele, 15 liliu
- • Lelei: 60–70% ile va ole 5mm
- • Maua le mana: 500 mW masani, 1 W le maualuga
- • Fa'atonuga: ±10 mm fa'apalepale i tua
Pulega matagaluega
Ole PMIC tu'ufa'atasi e fa'atonuina le fa'atonuina ma le fa'aogaina o le eletise i so'o se implant subsystems.
- • Fa'asa'oga: alalaupapa Schottky
- • Tulafono Faatonutonu: Buck 3.6V → 1.8V/3.3V
- • Totogiina: CC/CV fa'atasi ma fa'amutaina otometi
- • Puipuiga: Ova le tafe, overvoltage, vevela
- • Mata'ituina: Coulomb counter mo le tulaga o le totogi
6.2 Fa'atonuga malosi
Vaeluaga o le paketi o malosiaga
(60mW)
(45mW)
(30mW)
(15mW)
Faiga fa'agaioiga
Fa'aauau 60 FPS fa'aosofia, fa'aoga uma vaega laiti.
30 FPS, fa'agaioiga mama, ola umi maa.
Fa'aoso fa'amalosi; RF ma mataʻituina i luga; ala vave.
Laiti: na'o le uati ma le tau e iloa; masina o le olaga.
7. Saogalemu ma biocompatibility
7.1 Tulaga ma tusipasi
Biokompatibilitas
- ISO 10993: Iloiloga olaola o masini faafomai
- USP Vasega VI: Su'ega o le cytotoxicity
- ASTM F756: Mea e mafai ona totoina
Saogalemu faaeletise
- IEC 60601-1: Saogalemu o meafaigaluega faafomai
- IEC 60601-2-40: Mga neurostimulator
- IEEE C95.1: Fa'atapula'a fa'aaliga RF
7.2 Faiga saogalemu
Puipuiga o meafaigaluega
- • tapula'a nei: O le tausisia o fesoʻotaʻiga faʻapipiʻi faʻapipiʻi i le 200μA
- • Su'esu'e pu'upu'u: Otometi e tipi i <1ms
- • vevela: Tapuni vevela ile 41°C
- • Taifau leoleo: Toe seti i luga o le firmware tautau
- • Malosiaga puipui: Capacitor mo tapuni pulea
Puipuiga polokalame
- • Amiotonu: CRC i luga ole firmware ma tapulaʻa
- • Stim tapula'a: Fa'amaoniga i suiga uma
- • Fa'amaumauga o mea na tutupu: Fa'ailoga sese ma anomaly tala'aga
- • Faiga saogalemu: Conservative faaletonu
- • OTA fa'afouga: Saogalemu i tua
Mata'ituina pea
- • Elektroda Z: Fa'ata'ita'i ile 100ms
- • Fa'amauina le vevela: Fa fa'asoa fa'asoa
- • Ma'a: Ola SOC ma SOH
- • RF so'oga: RSSI ma le fua faatatau o mea sese
- • Totogi tui: Fa'atasi-electrode integrator
7.3 Su'ega saogalemu
Sa vitro
- • Aganu'u sela neural
- • Sitotoksisitas
- • A'a
- • Fa'ainisinia vaivai
- • Fa'ailoga eletise
I vivo
- • Fa'ata'ita'iga manu
- • Tali i'a
- • Su'ega fa'atino
- • Su'esu'ega umi
- • Tala fa'asolopito
Falema'i
- • Fa'atino
- • Tofotofoga saogalemu
- • Malosiaga
- • Su'esu'ega umi
- • Mea leaga
8. Tulafono fa'aosofia
8.1 Fa'ailoga fa'aoso
Galu
Fa'aliga lua fa'atusa: vaega cathodic muamua, sosoo ai ma le anodic. 50 μs va i totonu o le paʻu mo le faʻaaogaina o le capacitive. <1% le paleni o le totogi e aloese ai mai le fa'atupuina o le eletise.
Vaega Cathodic (faaosofia).
- • Amplitude: 10–200 μA (fa'alogo)
- • Umi: 100–500 μs
- • Polarity: Le lelei
- • Fa'atusa: Fa'afa'afa'afa
Anodic (toe faaleleia) vaega
- • Amplitude: E fetaui ma cathodic
- • Umi: Faafetaui cathodic
- • Polarity: Lelei
- • Fa'atusa: Fa'afa'afa'afa
Puleaina malosi
O le malosi o le Phosphene e faʻatulagaina i auala faʻatasi e tolu:
Ole taimi nei 10–200 μA; e tusa ma le logarithmic ma le malamalama malamalama. E valu tulaga eseese mo le lelei.
Fa'atosina 50–300 Hz; fua maualuga e faitau susulu, aoga mo le pulea lelei e aunoa ma le toe faʻaogaina o le taimi nei.
100–500 μs; o pulus umi e tui atili ai le tau ma foliga susulu, faʻatapulaʻaina e le saogalemu eletise.
8.2 Fa'asologa o ta'iala
Fa'ailoga fanua
Fa'afanua sa'o mai pika ata ta'itasi i lona laina eletise, fa'aogatasi ma le fa'asologa o le cortical retinotopic.
- • I'ugafono: 32x32 → 1024 eletise
- • Fa'alanoteleina: ogatotonu mafiafia
- • Suia: Fa'ata'ita'iga fovea log-polar
- • Fa'avasegaina: Fa'alogo tagata ta'itasi
Fa'ailoga le tumau
O le taimi faʻamalosi e faʻamalo ai le sili atu nai lo le malosi-gaioio, loloto, ma le salience.
- • Pa: Toleni mo le fe'avea'i o mea
- • Fa'atasi: Vaega fa'atusatusa i luga o nofoaga
- • Fa'asologa o taimi: Fa'ailoga lanu
- • Fetuunaiga tau: Fa'atusatusaga o fua fa'atatau
8.3 Fa'atonuga ma fa'apitoa
Fa'avasegaina muamua
Lua i le fa vaiaso e fa'atulaga ai fa'alava ma nofoaga saogalemu e fa'agaioi ai i nofoaga ta'itasi:
- Fa'ailoga va'aiga (10-50 μA masani)
- Fa'amafanafanaga (100–150 μA masani)
- Fa'afanua retinotopic fa'apitoa
- Fa'alogoina o le taimi (fua, lautele)
- Su'ega mamanu faigofie
Fetuunaiga faifaipea
E a'oa'oina le faiga ile taimi mai:
- • Fa'aoga tagata: Manu'ai moli/fa'atusatusaga
- • Manuia galuega: Fa'ailoga ma fa'ailoga
- • Z tafefea: Fa'asa'oga ta'avale
- • Fa'aoga mamanu: Fa'alogo masani-vaaiga
- • Palasitika neural: Toe fa'asalaina umi
Faiga fa'apitoa
Fa'amatalaga ua uma ona fausia mo le fa'aoga masani:
Fa'afeagai pito maualuga, gaioi maualalo
Gaoioiga, loloto, ma fa'alavelave
O foliga, mea faitino, ma fa'ailoga foliga
Maua ma fetuutuuna'i eseesega