Gutera imitsi Raba U
Ivyanditswe vy’ubuhinga vyuzuye ku bijanye n’igihimba c’umubiri citwa cortical prosthesis, harimwo n’ibisobanuro vy’ibikoresho, amategeko y’ugukangura, ubuhinga bwo kwubaka, n’ibiharuro vy’ugushirwa mu ngiro.
1. Ubwubatsi bwa sisitemu
1.1 Incamake
Ubuhinga bwo gutera imitsi See U bugizwe n’ibihimba bitatu nyamukuru bikorana kugira ngo bifate, bitunganye, kandi birungike amakuru y’amaso ataco akora ku gice c’umubiri c’umuntu abona.
Igice co hanze
- • Igishushanyo ca CMOS (16MP)
- • Igikoresho co gutunganya
- • Bateri y'inyuma (2500mAh)
- • Igikoresho co gutanga amajwi
Igice co munsi y'urukoba
- • Uwakira RF
- • Umukozi w'ikimenyetso
- • Bateri ishobora guterwa mu mubiri
- • Umugenzuzi w'umuyagankuba
Igice co mu mubiri
- • 1024-umurongo w'amashanyarazi
- • Igikoresho gishobora guhinduka
- • Ikigaragara c'imitsi
- • Ibimenyetso vy'impedansi
1.2 Ugutembera kw'amakuru
Gufata ishusho
Iyi kamera ya CMOS ifata amafoto 60 FPS ku 1920x1080. Igikoresho gishobora gutahura cane (gishika kuri ISO 6400) kirafasha gukoresha umuco muto.
Gutegura imbere y'igihe
Ubuhinga bwo kubona mudasobwa bukoresha ukumenya urubibi, gutandukanya, no kugabanya urusaku. Ishusho iragabanywa ikaja ku ikarita y’uburebure bwa 32x32 mu gihe igumya amakuru ahambaye.
Ikarata y'amaso
Ivyiyumviro vy’amashusho y’ahantu bishirwa ku ikarita ku bibanza bihuye mu gice c’umubiri citwa cortex y’amaso, hakurikijwe imitunganirize y’amaso V1.
Gushiramwo kode
Ivyiyumviro vy’imipfunda y’umuyagankuba bivugwa n’ibipimo vyiza (uburemere, incuro, igihe) ku gikoresho cose gishingiye ku bukomezi bw’ibipimo bihuye.
Ugutanga RF
Amakuru akodeshejwe yoherezwa hejuru ya 13.56 MHz RF biciye ku ruhu ku gicapo co munsi y’urukoba, n’igihe co guhagarara kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera kiri munsi ya 50 ms.
Gukangura imitsi
Ico gikoresho gikoresha amashanyarazi gikoresha ivyuma bifise inzira zibiri ku bikoresho bitobito, kigatwara imitsi yihariye kandi kigatuma habaho amaphosphene abonwa n’uwukoresha.
2. Ibisobanuro vy'ibikoresho
2.1 Igice co hanze
Igishushanyo
Igikoresho
Ububasha
2.2 Igikoresho gishobora guterwa
Uwakira RF
Umukozi w'ikimenyetso
Bateri ishobora guterwa mu mubiri
Ingano z'umubiri
3. Urutonde rw'ibikoresho bitobito
3.1 Ibisobanuro vy'umuyagankuba
Imirongo y'ubuhinga
Ibikoresho n'ivyo gupfuka
3.2 Ibirango vy'umuyagankuba
Gukangura
Umutekano
Gukurikirana
3.3 Uguhuza n'ibinyabuzima
Inyishu y'imitsi
PEDOT:PSS igabanya umururumba n’inkovu z’ibihimba vy’irondoka. Ivyigwa vyerekana ko impedance idahinduka imyaka irenga 2 in vivo.
Uguhinduranya
Ivyo bita polyimide bishobora guhinduka (Young’s modulus ~2.5 GPa) bigabanya umubabaro ku nyama z’umubiri (~1 kPa), bikagabanya ububabare buto buva ku kwinyiganza kw’ubwonko.
Gusama
Ethylene oxide (EtO) izigama ibikoresho n'imiterere y'umuyagankuba, yemejwe na ISO 11135.
4. Gutunganya ikimenyetso
4.1 Umuyoboro wo gutunganya
Intambwe ya 1: Gufata no gutegura
- • Gufata: Amafoto ya RGB 1920x1080 @ 60 FPS
- • Guhinduka: RGB → urugero rw'imvi (uburemere bw'umuco)
- • Kuringaniza: Histogram ihinduka (CLAHE) ku gutandukanya
- • Gukuraho urusaku: Akayunguruzo k'impande zibiri kazigama imirongo
- • Guteba: <mins 5
Intambwe ya 2: Gukuraho ibiranga
- • Gutahura urubibi: Akayunguruzo ka Sobel k'urugero rwinshi
- • Ugusobanuka: Ikarata y'ukwitaho ivyerekanwa ishingiye ku gutandukanya
- • Gucapura: Igishushanyo–isi n'uruzitiro rwo kwimenyereza
- • Imbere: Ibintu bigendagenda biraronka uburemere bwinshi
- • Guteba: <iminota 8
Intambwe ya 3: Gukuraho ivyerekanwa vy'ubwenge
- • Inyishu y'intumbero: 32x32 ibipimo (1024 uturongo)
- • Ubugyo: Gukoranya amakuru ahambaye
- • Gupima: Uturere two hagati turaronka umuti mwiza
- • Ubwinshi: 8 ingero z'uburemere kuri pixel
- • Guteba: <mins 3
Intambwe ya 4: Gukora ikarita y'amaso
- • Guhindura: Kariteziyani → amabara y'ibara ry'agahama
- • Ugukura kw'umubiri: Uburemere bwinshi hagati (fovea)
- • Gupima: Gutunganya ku muntu wese akoresha
- • Ingurane: Gugoramye kw'umubiri
- • Guteba: <2ms
Intambwe ya 5: Gushiramwo amakuru
- • Gukora ikarita: Uburemere bwa pixel → ibipimo vy'impumuro
- • Guhindura: Ubwinshi bw'impumuro n'incuro
- • Igihe: Guhuza imirongo yose 1024
- • Gutuma bigenda neza: Uburyo bwo kwiga buhuye n'ivyo umuntu akeneye
- • Guteba: <2ms
⚡ Iherezo-ku-iherezo ry'umuyoboro: <20ms (kuva ku gufata gushika ku gukangura)
4.2 Gutuma ubuhinga bugenda neza
Kwiga bimenyerewe
Ubuhinga bukoresha inyigisho y’imashini kugira ngo butunganye ivyiza biva ku nyishu z’abakoresha n’ibipimo vy’ibikorwa.
- • Uburemere bw'umuyagankuba bwikora
- • Gutunganya ubudasa bw'ugutahura
- • Impedansi y'uguhungabana kw'indishi
- • Ikarata y'amaso y'umuntu ku giti ciwe
Ubuhanuzi bw'inyigisho
Urugendo rw'amaso n'ubuhanuzi bw'igihe bica bigabanya ukuntu umuntu abona inyuma kandi bikanatuma umuntu abona ibintu bigendagenda.
- • Umuvuduko n'inzira bigereranywa
- • Gukuraho ikibanza ca kazoza
- • Gutuma inzira igenda neza
- • Ivy'imbere mu kwimura ibintu
5. Ivy'itumanaho
5.1 Ugupima amakuru kure
Ibisobanuro vya RF
Amasezerano y'itumanaho
5.2 Umutekano wo guhuza
Gushiramwo amakuru
AES-128 ku makuru y’igihe nyaco. Imfunguruzo z'igikoresho cose zaremwe mu gufatanya kwa mbere. Guhinduranya urufunguzo rw’igihe amasaha 24 yose.
Kwemeza
Ingorane–inyishu hagati y’igice co hanze n’igice co mu mubiri, kubuza gusubiramwo no gufata. Igihe c'ikiganiro kirangiye inyuma y'iminota 5 ataco ukora.
Uburinzi bw'ibivanga
FHSS mu mirongo 50, gukoresha ubuhinga bwo gutombora, n’uburyo bwo gusubira inyuma ku bidukikije bifise urusaku rwinshi rwa RF.
6. Gucungera ububasha
6.1 Gushaja
Ingingo ngenderwako
Igikoresho c’ugufatanya kw’ijwi ku 13,56 MHz gitanga ububasha biciye ku rukoba ata n’ibintu bifatanya n’urukoba.
- • Gutanga umugozi: 50 mm uburebure, 10 guhindukira
- • Kwakira umugozi: 35 mm uburebure, 15 guhindukira
- • Umwimbu: 60–70% ku 5 mm
- • Inguvu zashikirijwe: 500 mW bisanzwe, 1 W irengeye
- • Gutunganya: ±10 mm kwihanganira mu ruhande
Urugendo rw'uburongozi
PMIC yihariye igenzura ugushaja n’ugushikana ubushobozi ku bice vyose vy’umubiri.
- • Gukosora: Ikiraro ca Schottky
- • Amabwirizwa: Ifaranga 3.6V → 1.8V/3.3V
- • Gushaja: CC/CV n'uguhera ubwavyo
- • Uburinzi: Inkomezi zirengeje urugero, umuriro urengeje urugero, ubushuhe
- • Gukurikirana: Igiharuro ca Coulomb ku bijanye n'imiterere y'ibiribwa
6.2 Gutuma ubushobozi bugenda neza
Ingengo y'imari y'amashanyarazi yagabanijwe
(60mW)
(45mW)
(30mW)
(15mW)
Uburyo bwo gukoresha
Gukomeza gutera 60 FPS, vyose bikora.
30 FPS, gukora neza, ubuzima buramba bwa bateri.
Gukangura umuntu; RF n’ugukurikirana ku; gukanguka ningoga.
Minimum: isaha n’ibara ry’umuriro bimenyekana gusa; amezi y’ubuzima.
7. Umutekano n'uguhuza n'ibinyabuzima
7.1 Ivyagezwe n'ivyemezo
Uguhuza n'ibinyabuzima
- ISO 10993: Isuzuma ry'ibinyabuzima ry'ibikoresho vy'ubuvuzi
- USP Ishure rya VI: Igerageza ry'ubumara bw'imitsi
- I-ASTM F756: Ibikoresho bishobora guterwa
Umutekano w'umuyagankuba
- IEC 60601-1.: Umutekano w'ibikoresho vy'ubuvuzi
- I-IEC 60601-2-40: Ivyuma bitera ubwonko
- IEEE C95.1: Imipaka y'ugushirwa ahabona kwa RF
7.2 Uburyo bwo gukingira
Uburinzi bw'ibikoresho
- • Igipimo c'ubu: Ivyubahiriza urusobe rw'ibipfukisho vy'isohoka kuri 200μA
- • Gutahura umurongo mugufi: Guca ubwavyo muri <1ms
- • Ubushuhe: Ubushuhe buhagarara kuri 41°C
- • Imbwa y'umurinzi: Gusubiramwo kuri porogaramu nkuru
- • Inguvu zikingira: Igikoresho co guhagarika bigenzurwa
Uburinzi bwa porogaramu
- • Ugutungana: CRC kuri porogaramu n'imirongo ngenderwako
- • Imipaka ya Stim: Kwemeza ihinduka ryose
- • Igitabo c'ivyabaye: Amateka y'amakosa n'ibitari vyo
- • Uburyo butekanye: Ivyashizweho
- • OTA ivugurura: Gutekanirwa n'ugusubira inyuma
Gukomeza gukurikirana
- • Igikoresho c'umuyagankuba Z: Ivyitegererezo bifatwa buri 100ms
- • Ubushuhe bwo gutera: Ivyuma bine vyatanzwe
- • Akuma: SOC na SOH zibaho
- • Ihuza rya RF: RSSI n'igipimo c'ikosa
- • Igikoresho co gutera urushinge: Ku bufatanye bw'umuyagankuba
7.3 Igerageza ry'umutekano
Mu bipimo
- • Umuco w'ingingo z'ubwonko
- • Ubumara bw'imitsi
- • Ugusenyuka
- • Urushe rw'ubuhinga
- • Ibirango vy'umuyagankuba
Mu buzima
- • Ivyitegererezo vy'ibikoko
- • Inyishu y'imitsi
- • Ibigeragezo vy'imikorere
- • Gukurikirana igihe kirekire
- • Ivy'imitsi
Ubuvuzi
- • Bishoboka
- • Igerageza ry'umutekano
- • Ubushobozi
- • Gukurikirana igihe kirekire
- • Ibintu bibi vyabaye
8. Amabwirizwa yo gutera intege
8.1 Ivyagezwe vy'ugukangura
Igishushanyo c'umuvuduko
Ivyuma bifise inzira zibiri zihuye: inzira ya katode imbere, hanyuma inzira ya anode. 50 μs inter-pulse gap ku bijanye n’ugusohoka kw’ubushobozi. <1% charge imbalance kugira ngo ntihagire ivyuma vy’amashanyarazi vyiyongera.
Icigwa c'akatodi (gukangura)
- • Uburemere: 10-200 μA (bushobora guhindurwa)
- • Igihe: 100-500 μs
- • Uburinganire: Bubi
- • Igishushanyo: Umurongo w'inzira
Anodic (gukira) igice
- • Uburemere: Bihuye n'ivyo katodike
- • Igihe: Ibihuye n'ivya katodike
- • Ubuhinga: Ivyiza
- • Igishushanyo: Umurongo w'inzira
Ubugenzuzi bw'uburemere bubonwa
Inkomezi za phosphene zihindurwa mu buryo butatu bwuzuzanya:
Igitigiri c’amashanyarazi 10–200 μA; hafi logarithme n’umuco umuntu abona. Ingero umunani zitandukanye kugira ngo umuntu akore neza.
Igitigiri c’imitsi 50–300 Hz; ibiciro vyinshi bisomwa bikeye, birafasha mu kugenzura neza ata gusubiramwo umuriro.
100–500 z’iminota; impumuro ndende zitera umuriro mwinshi kandi zisa n’izikayangana cane, zikaba zigabanywa n’umutekano w’ubuhinga bw’amashanyarazi.
8.2 Ingamba zo gushiramwo amakuru
Kode y'ahantu
Ikarata iva kuri buri pixel y’ishusho gushika ku nzira yayo, ihuye n’imiterere y’ibara ry’amaso.
- • Ingingo: 32x32 → 1024
- • Ugukura kw'umubiri: Hagati hakomeye
- • Guhindura: Igishushanyo c'ibara ry'agahama
- • Gupima: Gutunganya ku muntu wese akoresha
Gushiramwo kode y'igihe
Igihe co gukangura gishiramwo ibirenze uburemere—ukwinyiganza, uburebure n’ugushirwa ahabona.
- • Guturika: Igariyamoshi zitwara ibintu
- • Guhuza: Intambwe y'ubucuti ku mbuga zose
- • Ivyitegererezo vy'igihe: Amakode y'imiterere
- • Guhindura igiciro: Igipimo c'imirongo y'itandukaniro
8.3 Gutunganya neza no guhindura umuntu ku giti ciwe
Ugupima kw'intango
Indwi zibiri canke zine zo gushinga ibipimo n’ibibanza vy’ibikorwa bitekanye ku rubuga:
- Ivyiyumviro vy'abantu (10–50 μA bisanzwe)
- Impumurizo (100–150 μA bisanzwe)
- Ikarata y'ibara ry'amaso
- Gutunganya igihe-intara (igipimo, ubwaguke)
- Ibigeragezo vyoroshe
Gukomeza kwimenyereza
Ubuhinga bwigira mu gihe c'igihe kuva kuri:
- • Inyungu y'umukoresha: Ukwaka kw'amaboko/ugutandukanya
- • Kuroranirwa kw'igikorwa: Ivyiyumviro vyo kugendera mu mazi no kwemera
- • Z guhunga: Gukosora ubwavyo
- • Koresha ivyitegererezo: Gutunganya kenshi
- • Uguhinduka kw'imitsi: Gusubiramwo igihe kirekire
Uburyo bwihariye
Umwirondoro wubatswe mbere kugira ngo ukoreshwe rusangi:
Ubutandukane bw'urubibi rwo hejuru, inyigisho nto
Inyuguti, uburebure, n'intambamyi
Mu maso, ibintu, n'ibimenyetso vy'imiterere
Inyungu n'ubudasa bwo kwimenyereza